{"id":1526,"date":"2024-04-18T12:26:53","date_gmt":"2024-04-18T10:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/?page_id=1526"},"modified":"2025-03-20T14:36:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T13:36:19","slug":"geosciences","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/skills\/geosciences\/","title":{"rendered":"Geos\u00adciences"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/who-we-are\/\">About us<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/skills\/\">Com\u00adpe\u00adtences<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/services\/\">Ser\u00advices<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Geosciences<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p>The SISKA conducts scien\u00adti\u00adfic research in various fields rela\u00adted to karst&nbsp;: geo\u00adlo\u00adgy, hydro\u00adgeo\u00adlo\u00adgy, geo\u00admor\u00adpho\u00adlo\u00adgy and palaeo\u00adcli\u00adma\u00adto\u00adlo\u00adgy.<br>\nThe know\u00adledge acqui\u00adred and skills deve\u00adlo\u00adped within the Ins\u00adti\u00adtute over more than twen\u00adty years enable us to deal with all the pro\u00adblems that can arise when car\u00adrying out pro\u00adjects in kars\u00adtic envi\u00adron\u00adments.<br> <br>\nSISKA sup\u00adports and par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adpates in both high\u00adly applied pro\u00adjects, such as tun\u00adnel\u00adling, and fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtal research pro\u00adjects, in par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar by hos\u00adting and super\u00advi\u00adsing doc\u00adto\u00adral and post-doc\u00adto\u00adral stu\u00addents.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>    <button class=\"uk-button uk-width-1-1 uk-button-primary\" type=\"button\">Applied research themes<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-width-1-2\" uk-dropdown=\"animation: uk-animation-slide-top-small; duration: 500; animate-out: true\">\n<ul class=\"uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav\">\n<h1 class=\"uk-nav-header uk-heading-bullet\">Themes<\/h1>\n<li><a href=\"#ressource\">Water resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dangers\">Natu\u00adral hazards<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#genie\">Civil Engi\u00adnee\u00adring<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#travaux\">Under\u00adground work<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#energies\">Rene\u00adwable ener\u00adgy<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>    <button class=\"uk-button uk-width-1-1 uk-button-primary\" type=\"button\">Fundamental research<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-width-1-2\" uk-dropdown=\"animation: uk-animation-slide-top-small; duration: 500; animate-out: true\">\n<ul class=\"uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav\">\n<h1 class=\"uk-nav-header uk-heading-bullet\">Themes<\/h1>\n<li><a href=\"#speleogenese\">Spe\u00adleo\u00adge\u00adne\u00adsis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#climat\">Under\u00adground cli\u00admate<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#paleoclimats\">Karst recor\u00addings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#changement\">Cli\u00admate change and karst<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Applied research<\/h2>\n<h3>Water resources<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Ground\u00adwa\u00adter is the main source of water in limes\u00adtone envi\u00adron\u00adments. These resources are often of good qua\u00adli\u00adty and in suf\u00adfi\u00adcient quan\u00adti\u00adty, but the dif\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00adty lies in their acces\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty.<br>\nLoca\u00adting and sizing water pro\u00adduc\u00adtion faci\u00adli\u00adties to match needs with avai\u00adlable resources requires prior know\u00adledge of the envi\u00adron\u00adment and spe\u00adci\u00adfic inves\u00adti\u00adga\u00adtions.<br>\nThe SISKA pro\u00advides solu\u00adtions for resear\u00adching, exploi\u00adting, mana\u00adging and pro\u00adtec\u00adting ground\u00adwa\u00adter in limes\u00adtone envi\u00adron\u00adments.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/porrentruy-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Mea\u00adsu\u00adring water conduc\u00adti\u00advi\u00adty in the Milandre cave (JU). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003.JPG\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Loca\u00adtion and map\u00adping of under\u00adground water\u00adcourses. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/S19-7.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Under\u00adground lake in the Cr\u00eate de Vaas cave. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Pierre_Yves-1-scaled.jpg\" alt width=\"191\" height=\"255\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-610\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pierre-Yves Jean\u00adnin <br><a href=\"mailto:pierre-yves.jeannin@isska.ch\">Send an e\u2011mail<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Natural hazards<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Karst plays a spe\u00adcial role in the pro\u00adblem of natu\u00adral hazards. SISKA has deve\u00adlo\u00adped inves\u00adti\u00adga\u00adtion methods for asses\u00adsing and map\u00adping the fol\u00adlo\u00adwing natu\u00adral hazards&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5>Risk of collapse in karstic environments<\/h5>\n<div>\n<p>Col\u00adlapses occur regu\u00adlar\u00adly in kars\u00adtic regions. By stu\u00addying these phe\u00adno\u00adme\u00adna through concrete cases, we can pre\u00addict the condi\u00adtions that lead to these events. As a result, col\u00adlapse risk maps can be pro\u00addu\u00adced.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5>Resources<\/h5>\n<p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/pdf\/Fr\/Competences\/Fiche_explicative_effondrements_C1-2.pdf\">Sin\u00adkhole col\u00adlapse&nbsp;\u00bb sum\u00adma\u00adry sheet<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Col\u00adlapse downs\u00adtream of the La Chaux-de-Fonds WWTP. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/CHA_0244-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Col\u00adlapse doline in a Jura pas\u00adture. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Effondrmt-Templalle-83_17.4.07-040-rotated.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Col\u00adlapse in the centre of La Chaux-de-Fonds (NE). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Danger of flooding in karstic environments<\/h5>\n<div>\n<p>In karst, run-off is essen\u00adtial\u00adly under\u00adground and the\u00adre\u00adfore invi\u00adsible. Howe\u00adver, the under\u00adground water table can some\u00adtimes reach the sur\u00adface, floo\u00adding areas that are nor\u00admal\u00adly dry, and pro\u00addu\u00adcing sud\u00adden and signi\u00adfi\u00adcant increases in river flow. Thanks to the models deve\u00adlo\u00adped by the SISKA (KARSYS, Karst\u00adMOD), it is pos\u00adsible to fore\u00adcast floods and river flows and pro\u00adduce flood hazard maps tai\u00adlo\u00adred to the spe\u00adci\u00adfic cha\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adris\u00adtics of karst.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled.JPG\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Ground\u00adwa\u00adter level rises to the sur\u00adface during a flood at Che\u00adve\u00adnez (JU). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_5319-scaled.JPG\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Floo\u00adding on the Allaine (JU). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/D0284_110-28.3.2006.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Grotte de la Cas\u00adcade (M\u00f4tiers, NE) during the 2006 flood. \u00a9ISSKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Vul\u00adne\u00adra\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty map of the karst in the can\u00adton of St. Gal\u00adlen.  \u00a9ISSKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Civil engineering<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>The SISKA sup\u00adports civil engi\u00adnee\u00adring pro\u00adjects in kars\u00adtic regions and pro\u00adposes solu\u00adtions to prevent pro\u00adblems of sta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty, water ingress and grey water infil\u00adtra\u00adtion.<\/p>\n<p>The SISKA is fre\u00adquent\u00adly com\u00admis\u00adsio\u00adned to sup\u00adport sur\u00adface deve\u00adlop\u00adment pro\u00adjects (motor\u00adways, wind farms) or the construc\u00adtion of under\u00adground struc\u00adtures (tun\u00adnels, gal\u00adle\u00adries, etc.).<br>\nThrough its research and deve\u00adlop\u00adment acti\u00advi\u00adties, the SISKA has deve\u00adlo\u00adped methods for iden\u00adti\u00adfying and reme\u00addying the pro\u00adblems posed by construc\u00adtion in kars\u00adtic envi\u00adron\u00adments. The Kars\u00adtA\u00adLEA method, the result of col\u00adla\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adtion with the Fede\u00adral Roads Office (FEDRO), is an illus\u00adtra\u00adtion of the prac\u00adti\u00adcal methods deve\u00adlo\u00adped by the ins\u00adti\u00adtute.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5>Resources<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/pdf\/Fr\/Competences\/ISSKA_Brochure_KarstALEA_FR.pdf\">Bro\u00adchure&nbsp;: Kars\u00adtA\u00adLEA method<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/pdf\/De\/Kompetenzen\/KarstALEA.pdf\">Prac\u00adti\u00adcal guide to the Kars\u00adtA\u00adLEA method<\/a>\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Disap\u00adpea\u00adrance of a stream in a cave at Berg\u00fcn (GR). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_2645-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Detec\u00adtion of old kars\u00adtic conduits in the Stein\u00adbruch Born (SO). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Underground work<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>The SISKA spe\u00adcia\u00adlises in under\u00adground mea\u00adsu\u00adre\u00adments and docu\u00admen\u00adta\u00adtion.<\/p>\n<p>The SISKA is fre\u00adquent\u00adly invol\u00adved in the pro\u00adduc\u00adtion of under\u00adground models to help unders\u00adtand, deve\u00adlop and exploit under\u00adground geo\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal and hydro\u00adgeo\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal aspects. Various tools can be pro\u00adpo\u00adsed for the loca\u00adtion, topo\u00adgra\u00adphy or 3D acqui\u00adsi\u00adtion of under\u00adground voids. There are many examples of appli\u00adca\u00adtions&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Desi\u00adgning under\u00adground deve\u00adlop\u00adments&nbsp;: tou\u00adrist infra\u00adstruc\u00adtures, laying pipes, etc. or sur\u00adface deve\u00adlop\u00adments inter\u00adac\u00adting with the sub\u00adsoil&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>Plan\u00adning for the exploi\u00adta\u00adtion stra\u00adte\u00adgy of under\u00adground depo\u00adsits (e.g. salt mines) or for the assess\u00adment of back\u00adfill capa\u00adci\u00adties&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li>Docu\u00admen\u00adta\u00adtion of his\u00adto\u00adric under\u00adground struc\u00adtures, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The SISKA also has a great deal of expe\u00adrience in the ins\u00adtru\u00admen\u00adta\u00adtion of phe\u00adno\u00adme\u00adna in under\u00adground envi\u00adron\u00adments, par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar\u00adly in the context of moni\u00adto\u00adring ground\u00adwa\u00adter qua\u00adli\u00adty, the qua\u00adli\u00adty of the under\u00adground atmos\u00adphere or tre\u00admors during deve\u00adlop\u00adment work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Test tra\u00adcing in a chasm in La Chaux-de-Fonds (NE). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>3D mea\u00adsu\u00adre\u00adment of the TM800 cave (NE) using LiDAR. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/TM800_VueDessus.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>3D model of cave TM800 (NE) in the Vue des Alpes tun\u00adnel. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/sieben_Nathan-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>3D view of the Sie\u00adben-Heng\u00adste Hogant net\u00adwork (BE). SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Renewable energy<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Karst regions are increa\u00adsin\u00adgly concer\u00adned with the deve\u00adlop\u00adment of infra\u00adstruc\u00adture for the pro\u00adduc\u00adtion of rene\u00adwable ener\u00adgy, main\u00adly hydroe\u00adlec\u00adtric, geo\u00adther\u00admal and wind power. The SISKA assists deve\u00adlo\u00adpers with rene\u00adwable ener\u00adgy pro\u00adjects in these regions.\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5>Underground hydropower<\/h5>\n<div>\n<p>Karst ground\u00adwa\u00adter offers some poten\u00adtial for gene\u00adra\u00adting elec\u00adtri\u00adci\u00adty. Howe\u00adver, such exploi\u00adta\u00adtion is not without risk to the envi\u00adron\u00adment, and the risks must be asses\u00adsed by spe\u00adcia\u00adlists.<br>\nThe SISKA is active in this field, pro\u00advi\u00adding sup\u00adport for pro\u00adjects and car\u00adrying out impact stu\u00addies. We are in a posi\u00adtion to make a diag\u00adno\u00adsis at the pre-pro\u00adject stage to see whe\u00adther the pro\u00adject has a chance of suc\u00adcess and what adap\u00adta\u00adtions would be neces\u00adsa\u00adry to com\u00adply with the various laws and prac\u00adti\u00adcal ins\u00adtruc\u00adtions rela\u00adting to pro\u00adjects in karst.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5>Wind turbines<\/h5>\n<div>\n<p>The ins\u00adtal\u00adla\u00adtion of wind tur\u00adbines in kars\u00adtic envi\u00adron\u00adments must be sub\u00adject to spe\u00adci\u00adfic sup\u00adport in terms of envi\u00adron\u00admen\u00adtal impact and, conver\u00adse\u00adly, the risks of sta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty for the struc\u00adture.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/pdf\/Fr\/Competences\/brochure_eoliennes_f.pdf\">wind tur\u00adbines in kars\u00adtic regions<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h5>Geothermal<\/h5>\n<div>\n<p>The heat pro\u00adpa\u00adga\u00adtion mecha\u00adnisms in karst sub\u00adsoils are very dif\u00adferent from those in other geo\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal envi\u00adron\u00adments. Exploi\u00adta\u00adtion pro\u00adjects often require adap\u00adta\u00adtion and spe\u00adcia\u00adli\u00adsed sup\u00adport. The SISKA has tools and expe\u00adrience in this field, and works in col\u00adla\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adtion with the Centre for Hydro\u00adgeo\u00adlo\u00adgy and Geo\u00adther\u00admal Ener\u00adgy at the Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty of Neu\u00adch\u00e2\u00adtel, which is a reco\u00adgni\u00adsed centre of exper\u00adtise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Fundamental research<\/h2>\n<h3>Speleogenesis<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Caves and kars\u00adtic land\u00adscapes are the result of the dis\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adtion of limes\u00adtone in rain\u00adwa\u00adter. In some cases, dis\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adtion can result from other causes (e.g. deep gas upwel\u00adling). Unders\u00adtan\u00adding how caves are for\u00admed is of obvious inter\u00adest to the caver explo\u00adring them. Howe\u00adver, pre\u00addic\u00adting the pre\u00adsence of an under\u00adground void is also impor\u00adtant infor\u00adma\u00adtion for an engi\u00adneer buil\u00adding a tun\u00adnel or a hydro\u00adgeo\u00adlo\u00adgist col\u00adlec\u00adting water.<\/p>\n<p>Seve\u00adral nume\u00adri\u00adcal models of spe\u00adleo\u00adge\u00adne\u00adsis have been deve\u00adlo\u00adped over the last 35 years. They have taught us a great deal about the prin\u00adciples, rates of for\u00adma\u00adtion and broad out\u00adlines of the geo\u00adme\u00adtry of under\u00adground gal\u00adle\u00adry net\u00adworks. Howe\u00adver, the cha\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adri\u00adsa\u00adtion of the ground para\u00adme\u00adters that feed these models is com\u00adpa\u00adra\u00adti\u00adve\u00adly late. The SIS\u00adKA\u2019s research is the\u00adre\u00adfore hel\u00adping to pro\u00advide field data, represent it and com\u00adpare it with the results of simu\u00adla\u00adtion models.<\/p>\n<p>Karst struc\u00adtures clear\u00adly do not deve\u00adlop ran\u00addom\u00adly. We have iden\u00adti\u00adfied the gene\u00adral cha\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adris\u00adtics and can sketch out the areas that are poten\u00adtial\u00adly the most kars\u00adti\u00adfied. Howe\u00adver, if we are to gene\u00adrate rea\u00adlis\u00adtic net\u00adworks, there is still work to be done for future gene\u00adra\u00adtions\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Our work main\u00adly concerns&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The spa\u00adtial dis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtion of kars\u00adtic conduits (concept of incep\u00adtion hori\u00adzons)<\/li>\n<li>The gene\u00adsis of kars\u00adtic net\u00adworks in the epi\u00adphrea\u00adtic zone (loops)<\/li>\n<li>The laye\u00adring of kars\u00adtic net\u00adworks (spe\u00adleo\u00adge\u00adne\u00adtic phases)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>At present, they are concen\u00adtra\u00adting main\u00adly on pre\u00addic\u00adting the (pro\u00adba\u00adbi\u00adlis\u00adtic) posi\u00adtion of ducts and on cha\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adri\u00adsing them (size, shape, filling, water, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=kernel&amp;p=customizer&amp;site=https%3A%2F%2Fdevw.isska.ch%2Ffr%2Fcompetences%2Fformation-et-mediation%2F\" aria-label=\"Select Image\" class=\"uk-position-cover\"><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marc_nb-225x300.jpg\" alt width=\"225\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-615 size-medium\" srcset=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marc_nb-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marc_nb-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marc_nb-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marc_nb-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Marc_nb-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Marc L\u00fct\u00adscher <br><a href=\"mailto:marc.luetscher@isska.ch\">Send e\u2011mail<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Underground climate<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Although at first sight a high\u00adly aca\u00adde\u00admic sub\u00adject, a detai\u00adled unders\u00adtan\u00adding of the under\u00adground cli\u00admate is impor\u00adtant for the mana\u00adge\u00adment of archaeo\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal, ornate and tou\u00adrist caves, and even for cer\u00adtain spe\u00adleo\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal pro\u00adjects. It is also impor\u00adtant for unders\u00adtan\u00adding the ther\u00admal cha\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adris\u00adtics of kars\u00adtic mas\u00adsifs, and hence the ins\u00adtal\u00adla\u00adtion of geo\u00adther\u00admal probes, or for explai\u00adning the pre\u00adsence of a natu\u00adral gla\u00adcier. Final\u00adly, it is neces\u00adsa\u00adry to inter\u00adpret the varia\u00adtions obser\u00adved in the growth of sta\u00adlag\u00admites and to pro\u00adduce palaeo\u00adcli\u00adma\u00adtic recons\u00adtruc\u00adtions.<\/p>\n<p>Cur\u00adrent pro\u00adjects&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span><a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/cellar-seds\/\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cave\u00adSeds<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ana\u00adly\u00adsis of the inter\u00adac\u00adtions bet\u00adween ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion, CO2 levels and water che\u00admis\u00adtry in the Milandre cave<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Long-term moni\u00adto\u00adring of seve\u00adral natu\u00adral gla\u00adciers in the Jura<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Past pro\u00adjects&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span><a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/thermokarst\/\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ther\u00admo\u00adkarst<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Stu\u00addy of natu\u00adral gla\u00adciers in the Jura<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ana\u00adly\u00adsis of the cli\u00admate in the Las\u00adcaux cave<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Stu\u00addy of the ther\u00admal pro\u00adper\u00adties of kars\u00adtic mas\u00adsifs<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Assess\u00adment of the ther\u00admal poten\u00adtial of kars\u00adtic mas\u00adsifs<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Arti\u00adfi\u00adcial ven\u00adti\u00adla\u00adtion test in a kars\u00adtic cavi\u00adty (Milandre)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Karst recordings<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Iso\u00adla\u00adted from exter\u00adnal ero\u00adsion pro\u00adcesses, caves pre\u00adserve sedi\u00admen\u00adta\u00adry sequences span\u00adning hun\u00addreds of thou\u00adsands or even mil\u00adlions of years. The stu\u00addy of these depo\u00adsits, whe\u00adther detri\u00adtal sedi\u00adments (i.e. lami\u00adnites, pebbles) or spe\u00adleo\u00adthems (i.e. sta\u00adlag\u00admites), pro\u00advides valuable infor\u00adma\u00adtion on cli\u00adma\u00adtic and envi\u00adron\u00admen\u00adtal changes over time. From gla\u00adcial cycles to sea\u00adso\u00adnal fluc\u00adtua\u00adtions, cave sedi\u00adments pro\u00advide valuable infor\u00adma\u00adtion about our past envi\u00adron\u00adment. <br>In addi\u00adtion to dating these sedi\u00adments, the SISKA is stu\u00addying their mine\u00adra\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal (cal\u00adcite, ara\u00adgo\u00adnite, quartz, etc.), geo\u00adche\u00admi\u00adcal (Mg, Sr, Ba, S, etc.) and iso\u00adto\u00adpic (d18O, d13C, etc.) signa\u00adtures, as well as their fau\u00adnal (microin\u00adver\u00adte\u00adbrates, bones) and bota\u00adni\u00adcal (pol\u00adlens) content.<\/p>\n<p>See also our exper\u00adtise <a href=\"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/skills\/archaeozoology\/\" rel=\"noopener\">in archaeo\u00adzoo\u00adlo\u00adgy<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/S17-9-scaled-1.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Sta\u00adlag\u00admite cut for ana\u00adly\u00adsis. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PA030052-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Cryo\u00adge\u00adnic cal\u00adcites are for\u00admed when water in a karst freezes. They are evi\u00addence of both tem\u00adpe\u00adra\u00adtures below 0\u00b0C and the pre\u00adsence of liquid water in a cavi\u00adty. Stu\u00addying them enables us to recons\u00adtruct the evo\u00adlu\u00adtion of per\u00adma\u00adfrost over time. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/20240521_205132-scaled-scaled.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The detri\u00adtal sequences obser\u00adved in caves pro\u00advide infor\u00adma\u00adtion about past envi\u00adron\u00admen\u00adtal changes and can be dated using iso\u00adto\u00adpic methods. SISKA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Climate change and karst<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p><span>Cli\u00adma\u00adtic condi\u00adtions have many influences on karst. Among these, the SISKA is main\u00adly asses\u00adsing the effect of cli\u00admate change on the fol\u00adlo\u00adwing ele\u00adments.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Infil\u00adtra\u00adtion of water into the sub\u00adsoil or recharge of aqui\u00adfers. This has a direct influence on the quan\u00adti\u00adty of ground\u00adwa\u00adter avai\u00adlable. It is the result of a deli\u00adcate balance bet\u00adween cli\u00adma\u00adtic fac\u00adtors (rain\u00adfall, tem\u00adpe\u00adra\u00adture, etc.) and bio\u00adpe\u00addo\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal fac\u00adtors (vege\u00adta\u00adtion and soil).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>The pre\u00adci\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adtion of cal\u00adcite in sta\u00adlag\u00admites is par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar\u00adly rele\u00advant to palaeo\u00adcli\u00adma\u00adtic recons\u00adtruc\u00adtion. The layers of cal\u00adcite depo\u00adsi\u00adted in sta\u00adlag\u00admites record the cli\u00adma\u00adtic condi\u00adtions pre\u00advai\u00adling at the time of their depo\u00adsi\u00adtion, in a simi\u00adlar way to the rings on the trunk of a tree.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>The dis\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adtion of limes\u00adtone plays a role in slo\u00adwing down glo\u00adbal war\u00adming. Indeed, it has been shown that glo\u00adbal war\u00adming increases bio\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adcal acti\u00advi\u00adty in soils, lea\u00adding to an increase in the soil\u2019s CO2 content. Water infil\u00adtra\u00adting the soil the\u00adre\u00adfore dis\u00adsolves more CO2, which in turn allows it to dis\u00adsolve more limes\u00adtone. The result is that for each addi\u00adtio\u00adnal mole\u00adcule of limes\u00adtone dis\u00adsol\u00adved, one mole\u00adcule has been remo\u00adved from the soil, and the\u00adre\u00adfore from the ear\u00adth\u2019s atmos\u00adphere. This remo\u00adval of CO2 could explain a large part of what spe\u00adcia\u00adlists call the \u00ab&nbsp;car\u00adbon sink&nbsp;\u00bb, i.e. the fact that atmos\u00adphe\u00adric CO2 is increa\u00adsing less qui\u00adck\u00adly than model esti\u00admates.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><br>\n<!-- {\"type\":\"layout\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"css\":\"@media (max-width:759px) {\\n  .el-section {\\n      height: 370px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:760px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 275px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1200px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 340px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1600px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 580px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1600px) and (max-height:1100px) {\\n    .el-section {\\n        height: 460px;\\n    }\\n}\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled.jpg\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"image_size\":\"cover\",\"padding\":\"large\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"button\",\"props\":{\"css\":\".el-content {\\n    font-family: \\\"Century Gothic\\\", Verdana, sans-serif;\\n    }\\n@media (max-width:759px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin: 10px 50px; \\n    width: 250px;\\n    position: relative;\\n    top: 180px;\\n  }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:760px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin: 10px 6px; \\n    width: 217px;\\n    position: relative;\\n    top: 104px;\\n  }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1200px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    width: 260px;\\n    margin: 0px 40px;\\n    position: relative;\\n    top: 165px;\\n  }\\n}\\n@media (min-width:1600px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin-top: 250px;\\n }\\n} \\n@media (min-width:1600px) and (max-height:1100px) {\\n  .el-content {\\n    margin-top: 130px;\\n }\\n} \",\"fullwidth\":false,\"grid_column_gap\":\"collapse\",\"grid_row_gap\":\"small\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"position_bottom\":\"-93\",\"position_z_index\":\"2\",\"text_align\":\"center\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Qui sommes-nous?\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/qui-sommes-nous\"}},{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Comp\\u00e9tences\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/competences\\\/\"}},{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Prestations\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/prestations\\\/\"}}]}]}]}],\"name\":\"Header\"},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"css\":\"@media (max-width: 759px) {\\n    .el-row {\\n        padding-top: 135px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (max-width: 759px) and (orientation:landscape) {\\n    .el-row {\\n        padding-top: 140px;\\n    }\\n}\\n.el-section {\\n    font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;\\n}\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"breadcrumbs\",\"props\":{\"show_current\":true,\"show_home\":true,\"visibility\":\"s\"},\"name\":\"Breadcrumbs\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"G\\u00e9osciences\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>L\\u2019ISSKA m\\u00e8ne une activit\\u00e9 scientifique dans les diff\\u00e9rents domaines li\\u00e9s au karst : g\\u00e9ologie, hydrog\\u00e9ologie, g\\u00e9omorphologie, pal\\u00e9oclimatologie.\\nLes connaissances acquises et les comp\\u00e9tences d\\u00e9velopp\\u00e9es au sein de l\\u2019Institut, depuis plus de vingt ans nous permettent d\\u2019intervenir sur toutes les probl\\u00e9matiques qui peuvent survenir lors de la conduite de projets en milieu karstique.<br \/> \\nL\\u2019ISSKA porte et participe aussi bien \\u00e0 des projets tr\\u00e8s apliqu\\u00e9s, li\\u00e9s par exemple au percement de tunnels, qu'\\u00e0 des projets de recherche fondamentale, notamment en accueillant et encadrant des doctorants et postdoctorants.\\n<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Text\"},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"html\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"<button class=\\\"uk-button uk-width-1-1 uk-button-primary\\\" type=\\\"button\\\">Th\\u00e9matiques de recherche appliqu\\u00e9e<\\\/button>\\n\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-1-2\\\" uk-dropdown=\\\"animation: uk-animation-slide-top-small; duration: 500; animate-out: true\\\">\\n    \n\n<ul class=\\\"uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav\\\">\\n        \n\n<h1 class=\\\"uk-nav-header uk-heading-bullet\\\">Th\\u00e9matiques<\\\/h1>\\n        \n\n<li><a href=\\\"#ressource\\\">Ressource en eau<\\\/a><\\\/li>\\n        \n\n<li><a href=\\\"#dangers\\\">Dangers naturels<\\\/a><\\\/li>\\n        \n\n<li><a href=\\\"#genie\\\">G\\u00e9nie Civil<\\\/a><\\\/li>\\n\\t\\t\n\n<li><a href=\\\"#travaux\\\">Travaux souterrains<\\\/a>\\n<\\\/li>\\n\\t\\t\n\n<li><a href=\\\"#energies\\\">\\u00c9nergies renouvelables<\\\/a>\\n<\\\/li>        \\n    <\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"css\":\".el-element {\\n       margin-bottom: 20px;\\n}\"},\"name\":\"recherche applique\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"html\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"<button class=\\\"uk-button uk-width-1-1 uk-button-primary\\\" type=\\\"button\\\">Th\\u00e9matiques de recherche fondamentale<\\\/button>\\n\n\n<div class=\\\"uk-width-1-2\\\" uk-dropdown=\\\"animation: uk-animation-slide-top-small; duration: 500; animate-out: true\\\">\\n    \n\n<ul class=\\\"uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav\\\">\\n        \n\n<h1 class=\\\"uk-nav-header uk-heading-bullet\\\">Th\\u00e9matiques<\\\/h1>\\n        \n\n<li><a href=\\\"#speleogenese\\\">Sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9ogen\\u00e8se<\\\/a><\\\/li>\\n        \n\n<li><a href=\\\"#climat\\\">Climat souterrain<\\\/a><\\\/li>\\n        \n\n<li><a href=\\\"#paleoclimats\\\">Enregistrements karstiques<\\\/a><\\\/li>\\n        \n\n<li><a href=\\\"#changement\\\">Changement climatique et karst<\\\/a><\\\/li>\\n    <\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/div>\",\"css\":\".el-element {\\n       margin-bottom: 50px;\\n}\"},\"name\":\"recherche fondamentale\"}]}]}]}]}]}],\"name\":\"G\\u00e9osciences\"},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"css\":\"@media (max-width: 759px) {\\n    .el-row {\\n        padding-top: 135px;\\n    }\\n}\\n@media (max-width: 759px) and (orientation:landscape) {\\n    .el-row {\\n        padding-top: 140px;\\n    }\\n}\\n.el-section {\\n    font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;\\n}\\n.el-section {\\n    margin-top: -100px;\\n}\\n    \",\"id\":\"appliquee\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Recherche appliqu\\u00e9e\",\"title_element\":\"h2\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Ressources en eau\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Les eaux souterraines repr\\u00e9sentent l\\u2019essentiel des ressources en eau en milieux calcaires. Ces ressources sont souvent de bonne qualit\\u00e9 et en quantit\\u00e9 suffisante, mais la difficult\\u00e9 reste leur accessibilit\\u00e9.\\nLocaliser et dimensionner des ouvrages de production d\\u2019eau en fonction de l\\u2019ad\\u00e9quation entre besoins et ressources disponibles n\\u00e9cessite une connaissance pr\\u00e9alable du milieu et des investigations sp\\u00e9cifiques.\\nL\\u2019ISSKA apporte des solutions pour la recherche, l\\u2019exploitation, la gestion et la protection des eaux souterraines en milieu calcaire.\\n<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Ressource en eau text\"},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider\",\"props\":{\"content_margin\":\"small\",\"content_style\":\"text-small\",\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"nav\":\"dotnav\",\"nav_align\":\"center\",\"nav_breakpoint\":\"\",\"overlay_display\":\"hover\",\"overlay_link\":false,\"overlay_mode\":\"caption\",\"overlay_padding\":\"small\",\"overlay_position\":\"bottom\",\"overlay_style\":\"overlay-default\",\"overlay_transition\":\"fade\",\"show_content\":true,\"show_hover_image\":true,\"show_link\":true,\"show_meta\":true,\"show_title\":true,\"slidenav\":\"default\",\"slidenav_breakpoint\":\"s\",\"slidenav_margin\":\"medium\",\"slidenav_outside_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"slider_autoplay_pause\":true,\"slider_gap\":\"default\",\"slider_width\":\"\",\"slider_width_default\":\"1-1\",\"slider_width_medium\":\"1-3\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Mesure de la conductivit\\u00e9 de l'eau dans la grotte de Milandre (JU). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/porrentruy-scaled.jpg\",\"text_color\":\"light\",\"title\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Localisation et cartographie des cours d'eau souterrains. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003.JPG\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Lac souterrain dans la grotte Cr\\u00eate de Vaas. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/S19-7.jpg\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"panel\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h3 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><br \\\/>Contact<\\\/h3>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><img src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Pierre_Yves-1-scaled.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"191\\\" height=\\\"255\\\" class=\\\"alignnone  wp-image-610\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Pierre-Yves Jeannin <br \\\/><a href=\\\"mailto:pierre-yves.jeannin@isska.ch\\\">Envoyer un e-mail<\\\/a><\\\/p><br \\\/>\",\"content_column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"icon_width\":80,\"image\":\"\",\"image_align\":\"top\",\"image_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"image_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":200,\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"panel_style\":\"card-default\",\"title_align\":\"top\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"title_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\",\"visibility\":\"m\"},\"name\":\"Contact_Comp\"}]}],\"props\":{\"id\":\"ressource\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"}},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"id\":\"dangers\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Dangers naturels\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Le karst joue un r\\u00f4le particulier dans la probl\\u00e9matique des dangers naturels. L'ISSKA a d\\u00e9velopp\\u00e9 des m\\u00e9thodes d'investigations pour l'\\u00e9valuation et la cartographie des dangers naturels suivants :<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Dangers naturels text\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Danger d'effondrements en milieu karstique\",\"title_element\":\"h5\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Dans les r\\u00e9gions karstiques, des effondrements se produisent r\\u00e9guli\\u00e8rement. L\\u2019\\u00e9tude de ces ph\\u00e9nom\\u00e8nes par des cas concrets nous permet de pr\\u00e9dire les conditions qui conduisent \\u00e0 ces \\u00e9v\\u00e8nements. Des cartes de zonation des risques d\\u2019effondrement peuvent donc \\u00eatre produites.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Dangers naturels text\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Ressources\",\"title_element\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"button\",\"props\":{\"fullwidth\":true,\"grid_column_gap\":\"small\",\"grid_row_gap\":\"small\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Fiche synth\\u00e9tique \\\"effondrement de doline\\\"\",\"icon\":\"file-text\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/pdf\\\/Fr\\\/Competences\\\/Fiche_explicative_effondrements_C1-2.pdf\"}}]},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider\",\"props\":{\"content_margin\":\"small\",\"content_style\":\"text-small\",\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"nav\":\"dotnav\",\"nav_align\":\"center\",\"nav_breakpoint\":\"\",\"overlay_display\":\"hover\",\"overlay_link\":false,\"overlay_mode\":\"caption\",\"overlay_padding\":\"small\",\"overlay_position\":\"bottom\",\"overlay_style\":\"overlay-default\",\"overlay_transition\":\"fade\",\"show_content\":true,\"show_hover_image\":true,\"show_link\":true,\"show_meta\":true,\"show_title\":true,\"slidenav\":\"default\",\"slidenav_breakpoint\":\"s\",\"slidenav_margin\":\"medium\",\"slidenav_outside_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"slider_autoplay_pause\":true,\"slider_gap\":\"default\",\"slider_width\":\"\",\"slider_width_default\":\"1-1\",\"slider_width_medium\":\"1-3\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Effondrement en aval de la STEP de La Chaux-de-Fonds. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled.jpg\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Doline d'effondrement dans un paturage jurassien. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/CHA_0244-scaled.jpg\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Effondrement en plein centre-ville de La Chaux-de-Fonds (NE). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/Effondrmt-Templalle-83_17.4.07-040-rotated.jpg\",\"text_color\":\"light\",\"title\":\"\"}}]},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Danger de crues en milieu karstique\",\"title_element\":\"h5\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Dans le karst, les \\u00e9coulements sont essentiellement souterrains donc invisibles. Il arrive cependant que la nappe souterraine atteigne la surface, inonde des endroits habituellement secs, et produise des augmentations brutales et cons\\u00e9quentes du d\\u00e9bit des rivi\\u00e8res. Gr\\u00e2ce aux mod\\u00e8les d\\u00e9velopp\\u00e9s par l'ISSKA (KARSYS, KarstMOD), il est possible de pr\\u00e9voir les inondations, les d\\u00e9bits des rivi\\u00e8res et de produire des cartes de dangers de crues, adapt\\u00e9es aux sp\\u00e9cificit\\u00e9s du karst.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Dangers naturels text\"},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider\",\"props\":{\"content_margin\":\"small\",\"content_style\":\"text-small\",\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"nav\":\"dotnav\",\"nav_align\":\"center\",\"nav_breakpoint\":\"\",\"overlay_display\":\"hover\",\"overlay_link\":false,\"overlay_mode\":\"caption\",\"overlay_padding\":\"small\",\"overlay_position\":\"bottom\",\"overlay_style\":\"overlay-default\",\"overlay_transition\":\"fade\",\"show_content\":true,\"show_hover_image\":true,\"show_link\":true,\"show_meta\":true,\"show_title\":true,\"slidenav\":\"default\",\"slidenav_breakpoint\":\"s\",\"slidenav_margin\":\"medium\",\"slidenav_outside_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"slider_autoplay_pause\":true,\"slider_gap\":\"default\",\"slider_width\":\"\",\"slider_width_default\":\"1-1\",\"slider_width_medium\":\"1-3\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Mont\\u00e9e du niveau de l'eau souterraine jusqu'\\u00e0 la surface lors d'une crue \\u00e0 Chevenez (JU). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled.JPG\",\"text_color\":\"light\",\"title\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Inondation sur le cours de L'Allaine (JU). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/IMG_5319-scaled.JPG\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Grotte de la Cascade (M\\u00f4tiers, NE) pendant la crue de 2006. \\u00a9ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/D0284_110-28.3.2006.jpg\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Carte de la vuln\\u00e9rabilit\\u00e9 du karst dans le canton du Saint-Gall.  \\u00a9ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web.jpg\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"}}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"id\":\"genie\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"G\\u00e9nie civil\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>L'ISSKA accompagne les projets de g\\u00e9nie civil en r\\u00e9gion karstique et propose des solutions pour pr\\u00e9venir les probl\\u00e8mes de stabilit\\u00e9, de venues d'eau ou d'infiltration des eaux grises.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>L\\u2019ISSKA est fr\\u00e9quemment mandat\\u00e9 pour accompagner des projets d\\u2019am\\u00e9nagement de surface (autoroutes, parcs \\u00e9oliens) ou le percement d\\u2019ouvrages souterrains (tunnels, galeries, etc.).\\nA travers les activit\\u00e9s de recherche et d\\u00e9veloppement, l\\u2019ISSKA a mis au point des m\\u00e9thodes permettant d\\u2019identifier et de rem\\u00e9dier aux probl\\u00e8mes que posent les constructions en milieu karstique. La m\\u00e9thode KarstALEA, fruit d\\u2019une collaboration avec l\\u2019Office F\\u00e9d\\u00e9ral des Routes (OFROU) est une illustration des m\\u00e9thodes pratiques d\\u00e9velopp\\u00e9es par l\\u2019institut.\\n<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"G\\u00e9nie civil text\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Ressources\",\"title_element\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"button\",\"props\":{\"fullwidth\":true,\"grid_column_gap\":\"small\",\"grid_row_gap\":\"small\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Brochure: M\\u00e9thode KarstALEA\",\"icon\":\"file-text\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/pdf\\\/Fr\\\/Competences\\\/ISSKA_Brochure_KarstALEA_FR.pdf\"}},{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"Guide Pratique de la m\\u00e9thode KarstALEA\",\"icon\":\"file-text\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/pdf\\\/De\\\/Kompetenzen\\\/KarstALEA.pdf\"}}]},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider\",\"props\":{\"content_margin\":\"small\",\"content_style\":\"text-small\",\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"nav\":\"dotnav\",\"nav_align\":\"center\",\"nav_breakpoint\":\"\",\"overlay_display\":\"hover\",\"overlay_link\":false,\"overlay_mode\":\"caption\",\"overlay_padding\":\"small\",\"overlay_position\":\"bottom\",\"overlay_style\":\"overlay-default\",\"overlay_transition\":\"fade\",\"show_content\":true,\"show_hover_image\":true,\"show_link\":true,\"show_meta\":true,\"show_title\":true,\"slidenav\":\"default\",\"slidenav_breakpoint\":\"s\",\"slidenav_margin\":\"medium\",\"slidenav_outside_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"slider_autoplay_pause\":true,\"slider_gap\":\"default\",\"slider_width\":\"\",\"slider_width_default\":\"1-1\",\"slider_width_medium\":\"1-3\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Disparition d'un cours d'eau dans une grotte \\u00e0 Berg\\u00fcn (GR). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled.jpg\",\"text_color\":\"light\",\"title\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Reperage d'anciens conduits karstiques dans le \\\"Steinbruch Born\\\" (SO). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/IMG_2645-scaled.jpg\",\"text_color\":\"light\",\"title\":\"\"}}],\"name\":\"Photo Slide\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"}}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"id\":\"travaux\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Travaux souterrains\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>L\\u2019ISSKA est sp\\u00e9cialis\\u00e9 dans les travaux de mesures et de documentation en milieu souterrain.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>L\\u2019ISSKA intervient fr\\u00e9quemment pour l\\u2019\\u00e9tablissement de mod\\u00e8les souterrains permettant la compr\\u00e9hension, l\\u2019am\\u00e9nagement et l\\u2019exploitation des aspects g\\u00e9ologiques et hydrog\\u00e9ologiques souterrains. Diff\\u00e9rents outils peuvent \\u00eatre propos\\u00e9s pour la localisation, la topographie ou l\\u2019acquisition 3D des vides souterrains. Les exemples d\\u2019application sont nombreux :<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>Dimensionnement d\\u2019am\\u00e9nagements souterrains: infrastructures touristiques, pose de conduites, etc. ou d\\u2019am\\u00e9nagements de surface en interaction avec le sous-sol;<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>Planification pour la strat\\u00e9gie d\\u2019exploitation de gisements souterrains (ex. mines de sel) ou pour l\\u2019\\u00e9valuation des capacit\\u00e9s de remblais;<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>Documentation des ouvrages souterrains historiques, etc.<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<p>L\\u2019ISSKA poss\\u00e8de aussi une grande exp\\u00e9rience en ce qui concerne l\\u2019instrumentation de ph\\u00e9nom\\u00e8nes en milieux souterrains, notamment dans le cadre de suivi de la qualit\\u00e9 des eaux souterraines, de la qualit\\u00e9 de l\\u2019atmosph\\u00e8re souterraine ou des \\u00e9branlements lors de travaux d\\u2019am\\u00e9nagement.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Travaux soutterains text\"},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider\",\"props\":{\"content_margin\":\"small\",\"content_style\":\"text-small\",\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"nav\":\"dotnav\",\"nav_align\":\"center\",\"nav_breakpoint\":\"\",\"overlay_display\":\"hover\",\"overlay_link\":false,\"overlay_mode\":\"caption\",\"overlay_padding\":\"small\",\"overlay_position\":\"bottom\",\"overlay_style\":\"overlay-default\",\"overlay_transition\":\"fade\",\"show_content\":true,\"show_hover_image\":true,\"show_link\":true,\"show_meta\":true,\"show_title\":true,\"slidenav\":\"default\",\"slidenav_breakpoint\":\"s\",\"slidenav_margin\":\"medium\",\"slidenav_outside_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"slider_autoplay_pause\":true,\"slider_gap\":\"default\",\"slider_width\":\"\",\"slider_width_default\":\"1-1\",\"slider_width_medium\":\"1-3\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Essai de tra\\u00e7age dans un gouffre de La Chaux-de-Fonds (NE). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled.jpg\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Mesure 3D de la grotte TM800 (NE) par LiDAR. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled.jpg\",\"title\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Mod\\u00e8le 3D de la grotte TM800 (NE) dans le tunnel de la Vue des Alpes. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/TM800_VueDessus.jpg\",\"title\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Vue 3D du r\\u00e9seau Sieben-Hengste Hogant (BE). \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/sieben_Nathan-scaled.jpg\",\"title\":\"\"}}],\"name\":\"Photo Slide\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"}}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"id\":\"energies\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\\u00c9nergies renouvelables\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Les r\\u00e9gions karstique sont de plus en plus concern\\u00e9es par l\\u2019am\\u00e9nagement d\\u2019infrastructures pour la production d\\u2019\\u00e9nergies renouvelables; principalement hydro\\u00e9lectrique, g\\u00e9othermique et \\u00e9olienne. L\\u2019ISSKA accompagne les maitres d\\u2019ouvrages dans les projets de d\\u00e9veloppement des \\u00e9nergies renouvelables dans ces r\\u00e9gions. \\n<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Energies renouvelables text\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Hydro\\u00e9lectricit\\u00e9 souterraine\",\"title_element\":\"h5\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Les eaux souterraines karstiques repr\\u00e9sentent un certain potentiel de production d\\u2019\\u00e9lectricit\\u00e9. Cette exploitation n\\u2019est toutefois pas sans risque pour le milieu et les risques doivent \\u00eatre \\u00e9valu\\u00e9s par des sp\\u00e9cialistes.<br \/>\\nL\\u2019ISSKA, au travers d\\u2019accompagnements de projets ou d\\u2019\\u00e9tudes d\\u2019impact est actif dans ce domaine. Nous sommes \\u00e0 m\\u00eame de poser un diagnostic au niveau de l\\u2019avant-projet pour voir si celui-ci a des chances d\\u2019aboutir et quelles adaptations seraient n\\u00e9cessaires pour \\u00eatre en accord avec diff\\u00e9rentes l\\u00e9gislations et instructions pratiques li\\u00e9es aux projets dans le karst.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Energies renouvelables text\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Eoliennes\",\"title_element\":\"h5\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>L\\u2019implantation d\\u2019\\u00e9oliennes en milieux karstiques doit faire l\\u2019objet d\\u2019un accompagnement sp\\u00e9cifique sur le plan des impacts pour l\\u2019environnement et r\\u00e9ciproquement des risques de stabilit\\u00e9 pour l\\u2019ouvrage.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Energies renouvelables text\"},{\"type\":\"button\",\"props\":{\"fullwidth\":true,\"grid_column_gap\":\"small\",\"grid_row_gap\":\"small\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"text_align\":\"center\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"button_item\",\"props\":{\"button_style\":\"primary\",\"content\":\"\\u00e9oliennes en r\\u00e9gion karstique\",\"icon\":\"file-text\",\"icon_align\":\"left\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/pdf\\\/Fr\\\/Competences\\\/brochure_eoliennes_f.pdf\",\"link_target\":\"blank\"}}],\"name\":\"Open_File_Button\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"G\\u00e9othermie\",\"title_element\":\"h5\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Les m\\u00e9canismes de propagation de chaleur dans le sous-sol karstique sont tr\\u00e8s diff\\u00e9rents des autres environnements g\\u00e9ologiques. Les projets d\\u2019exploitation n\\u00e9cessitent souvent une adaptation et un accompagnement sp\\u00e9cialis\\u00e9. L\\u2019ISSKA poss\\u00e8de des outils et de l\\u2019exp\\u00e9rience dans ce cadre, et collabore avec le Centre d\\u2019hydrog\\u00e9ologie et de g\\u00e9othermie de l\\u2019Universit\\u00e9 de Neuch\\u00e2tel qui est un centre de comp\\u00e9tence reconnu.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Energies renouvelables text\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"}}]}],\"name\":\"Recherche appliqu\\u00e9e\"},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"css\":\".el-section{\\n    margin-top: -50px;\\n}\",\"id\":\"Fondamentale\",\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Recherche fondamentale\",\"title_element\":\"h2\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9ogen\\u00e8se\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Les grottes et le paysage karstique r\\u00e9sultent de la dissolution des calcaires dans les eaux de pluie. Dans certains cas, la dissolution peut r\\u00e9sulter d'autres causes (p.ex. des remont\\u00e9es de gaz profonds). Comprendre comment se forment les grottes pr\\u00e9sente un int\\u00e9r\\u00eat \\u00e9vident pour le sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9ologue qui les explore. Cependant, la pr\\u00e9vision de la pr\\u00e9sence d'un vide souterrain constitue aussi une information importante pour un ing\\u00e9nieur qui doit construire un tunnel ou pour un hydrog\\u00e9ologue qui doit capter de l'eau.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs mod\\u00e8les num\\u00e9riques de sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9ogen\\u00e8se ont \\u00e9t\\u00e9 d\\u00e9velopp\\u00e9s au cours des 35 derni\\u00e8res ann\\u00e9es. Ils nous ont appris \\u00e9norm\\u00e9ment de choses sur les principes, les vitesses de formation et les grandes lignes de la g\\u00e9om\\u00e9trie des r\\u00e9seaux de galeries souterraines. Cependant, la caract\\u00e9risation des param\\u00e8tres de terrain, permettant d'alimenter ces mod\\u00e8les, est comparativement relativement en retard. L'ISSKA contribue donc par ses recherches \\u00e0 fournir des donn\\u00e9es de terrain, \\u00e0 les repr\\u00e9senter et \\u00e0 les confronter aux r\\u00e9sultats des mod\\u00e8les de simulation.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Les structures karstiques ne se d\\u00e9veloppent clairement pas de mani\\u00e8re al\\u00e9atoire. Nous en avons cern\\u00e9 les caract\\u00e9ristiques g\\u00e9n\\u00e9rales, et pouvons esquisser les zones potentiellement les plus karstifi\\u00e9es. Toutefois, pour g\\u00e9n\\u00e9rer des r\\u00e9seaux r\\u00e9alistes, il reste du travail pour les g\\u00e9n\\u00e9rations futures...<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Nos travaux concernent surtout :<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li>La distribution spatiale des conduits karstiques (concept d'horizons d'inception)<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>La gen\\u00e8se des r\\u00e9seaux karstiques dans la zone \\u00e9piphr\\u00e9atique (loops)<\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li>L'\\u00e9tagement des r\\u00e9seaux karstiques (phases sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9og\\u00e9n\\u00e9tiques)<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<p>Actuellement ils se concentrent surtout sur la pr\\u00e9vision de la position (probabiliste) des conduits et sur leur caract\\u00e9risation (taille, forme, remplissage, eau, etc.).<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9ogen\\u00e8se text\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"panel\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h3 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><br \\\/>Contact<\\\/h3>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/wp-admin\\\/admin-ajax.php?action=kernel&amp;p=customizer&amp;site=https%3A%2F%2Fdevw.isska.ch%2Ffr%2Fcompetences%2Fformation-et-mediation%2F\\\" aria-label=\\\"Select Image\\\" class=\\\"uk-position-cover\\\"><\\\/a><img src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Marc_nb-225x300.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"225\\\" height=\\\"300\\\" class=\\\"alignnone wp-image-615 size-medium\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Marc L\\u00fctscher <br \\\/><a href=\\\"mailto:marc.luetscher@isska.ch\\\">Envoyer e-mail<\\\/a><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"content_column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"css\":\".el-element {\\n    text-align: justify;\\n    font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;\\n\\n}\",\"icon_width\":80,\"image\":\"\",\"image_align\":\"top\",\"image_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"image_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":200,\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"panel_style\":\"card-default\",\"title_align\":\"top\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"title_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"name\":\"Contact_Comp\"}]}],\"props\":{\"id\":\"speleogenese\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"}},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"id\":\"climat\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Climat souterrain\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Sujet de premier abord tr\\u00e8s acad\\u00e9mique, la compr\\u00e9hension fine du climat souterrain est importante pour la gestion des grottes arch\\u00e9ologiques, orn\\u00e9es, touristiques ou m\\u00eame pour certains travaux sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9ologiques. Elle est aussi importante pour comprendre la thermique des massifs karstiques et par l\\u00e0 l'implantation de sondes g\\u00e9othermiques ou pour expliquer la pr\\u00e9sence d'une glaci\\u00e8re naturelle. Enfin, elle est n\\u00e9cessaire pour interpr\\u00e9ter les variations observ\\u00e9es dans la croissance des stalagmites et produire des reconstitutions pal\\u00e9oclimatiques.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Projets actuels:<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li><span><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/cave-seds\\\/\\\" data-wplink-url-error=\\\"true\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">CaveSeds<\\\/a><\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>Analyse des interactions entre ventilation, teneur en CO2 et chimie des eaux dans la grotte de Milandre<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>Suivi \\u00e0 long terme de quelques glaci\\u00e8res naturelles du Jura<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n\n\n<p>Projets pass\\u00e9s:<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li><span><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/thermokarst\\\/\\\" data-wplink-url-error=\\\"true\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Thermokarst<\\\/a><\\\/span><\\\/li>    \\n\n\n<li><span>Etude des glaci\\u00e8res naturelles du Jura<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>Analyse du climat de la grotte de Lascaux<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>Etude de la thermique des massifs karstiques<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>Evaluation du potentiel thermique des massifs karstiques<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>Essai de ventilation artificielle d'une cavit\\u00e9 karstique (Milandre)<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Climat souterrain text\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"}}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"id\":\"paleoclimats\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Enregistrements karstiques\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Isol\\u00e9es des processus d\\u2019\\u00e9rosion ext\\u00e9rieurs, les grottes pr\\u00e9servent des s\\u00e9quences s\\u00e9dimentaires sur des centaines de milliers, voire millions d\\u2019ann\\u00e9es. L\\u2019\\u00e9tude de ces d\\u00e9p\\u00f4ts, qu\\u2019il s\\u2019agisse de s\\u00e9diments d\\u00e9tritiques (i.e. laminites, galets) ou de sp\\u00e9l\\u00e9oth\\u00e8mes (i.e stalagmites), apporte une information pr\\u00e9cieuse sur les changements climatiques et environnementaux au cours du temps. Qu\\u2019il s\\u2019agisse de cycles glaciaires ou de fluctuations saisonni\\u00e8res les s\\u00e9diments des grottes renferment une information pr\\u00e9cieuse sur notre environnement pass\\u00e9. <br\\\/>Outre la datation de ces s\\u00e9diments, les \\u00e9tudes de l\\u2019ISSKA portent sur leur signature min\\u00e9ralogique (calcite, aragonite, quartz, \\u2026), g\\u00e9ochimique (Mg, Sr, Ba, S, \\u2026) et isotopique (d18O, d13C,\\u2026) mais \\u00e9galement leur contenu faunistique (micro-invert\\u00e9rbr\\u00e9s, ossements) et botanique (pollens).<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Voir \\u00e9galement notre comp\\u00e9tence <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/fr\\\/competences\\\/archeozoologie\\\/\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">en arch\\u00e9ozoologie<\\\/a>.\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Pal\\u00e9oclimats text\"},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider\",\"props\":{\"content_margin\":\"small\",\"content_style\":\"text-small\",\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"nav\":\"dotnav\",\"nav_align\":\"center\",\"nav_breakpoint\":\"\",\"overlay_display\":\"hover\",\"overlay_link\":false,\"overlay_mode\":\"caption\",\"overlay_padding\":\"small\",\"overlay_position\":\"bottom\",\"overlay_style\":\"overlay-default\",\"overlay_transition\":\"fade\",\"show_content\":true,\"show_hover_image\":true,\"show_link\":true,\"show_meta\":true,\"show_title\":true,\"slidenav\":\"default\",\"slidenav_breakpoint\":\"s\",\"slidenav_margin\":\"medium\",\"slidenav_outside_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"slider_autoplay_pause\":true,\"slider_gap\":\"default\",\"slider_width\":\"\",\"slider_width_default\":\"1-1\",\"slider_width_medium\":\"1-3\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Stalagmite coup\\u00e9e en vue d'analyses. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/S17-9-scaled-1.jpg\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Les calcites cryog\\u00e9niques se forment lors de la cong\\u00e9lation de l'eau du karst. Elles t\\u00e9moignent \\u00e0 la fois de temp\\u00e9ratures inf\\u00e9rieures \\u00e0 0\\u00b0C et de la pr\\u00e9sence d'eau liquide dans une cavit\\u00e9. Leur \\u00e9tude permet de reconstruire l'\\u00e9volution du permafrost au cours du temps. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/PA030052-scaled.jpg\"}},{\"type\":\"overlay-slider_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Les s\\u00e9quences d\\u00e9tritiques observ\\u00e9es dans les grottes informent sur les changements environnementaux pass\\u00e9s et peuvent \\u00eatre dat\\u00e9es par des m\\u00e9thodes isotopiques. \\u00a9 ISSKA<\\\/p>\",\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/20240521_205132-scaled-scaled.jpg\"}}],\"name\":\"Photo Slide\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"}}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"id\":\"changement\",\"layout\":\"3-4,1-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"3-4\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Changement climatique et karst\",\"title_element\":\"h3\"},\"name\":\"Titre\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><span>Les conditions climatiques exercent de nombreuses influences sur le karst. Parmi celles-ci  l'ISSKA \\u00e9value principalement l'effet du changement climatique sur les \\u00e9l\\u00e9ments suivants.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<ul>\\n\n\n<li><span>L'infiltration d'eau dans le sous-sol ou recharge des aquif\\u00e8res. Elle Influence directement la quantit\\u00e9 d'eau souterraine disponible. Elle r\\u00e9sulte d'un \\u00e9quilibre d\\u00e9licat entre facteurs climatiques (pr\\u00e9cipitations, temp\\u00e9rature...) et biop\\u00e9dologiques (v\\u00e9g\\u00e9tation et sols).<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>La pr\\u00e9cipitation de calcite dans les stalagmites concerne surtout la reconstitution pal\\u00e9oclimatique. Les couches de calcite d\\u00e9pos\\u00e9es dans les stalagmites enregistrent les conditions climatiques r\\u00e9gnant au moment de leur d\\u00e9p\\u00f4t, de mani\\u00e8re analogue aux anneaux du tronc d'un arbre.<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n\n\n<li><span>La dissolution du calcaire joue un r\\u00f4le dans le ralentissement du r\\u00e9chauffement climatique. En effet, il est d\\u00e9montr\\u00e9 que le r\\u00e9chauffement climatique accentue l'activit\\u00e9 biologique des sols, induisant une augmentation de la teneur en CO2 du sol. L'eau qui s'infiltre dans le sol dissout par cons\\u00e9quent plus de CO2, ce qui lui permet ensuite de dissoudre plus de calcaire. Il en r\\u00e9sulte que pour chaque mol\\u00e9cule suppl\\u00e9mentaire de calcaire dissous, une mol\\u00e9cule a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 pr\\u00e9lev\\u00e9e dans le sol, donc dans l'atmosph\\u00e8re terrestre. Ce pr\\u00e9l\\u00e8vement de CO2 pourrait expliquer une partie importante de ce que les sp\\u00e9cialistes nomment le \\\"carbon sink\\\", c'est-\\u00e0-dire le fait que le CO2 atmosph\\u00e9rique augmente moins vite que les estimations des mod\\u00e8les.<\\\/span><\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\",\"margin\":\"default\"},\"name\":\"Changement climatique et karst text\"}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-4\"}}]}],\"name\":\"Recherche fondamentale\"},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"panel\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h3 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><br \\\/>Contact<\\\/h3>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><img src=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/devw.isska.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Pierre_Yves-1-scaled.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"\\\" width=\\\"191\\\" height=\\\"255\\\" class=\\\"alignnone  wp-image-610\\\" \\\/><\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Pierre-Yves Jeannin <br \\\/><a href=\\\"mailto:pierre-yves.jeannin@isska.ch\\\">Envoyer e-mail<\\\/a><\\\/p><br \\\/>\",\"content_column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"css\":\".el-element {\\n    text-align: justify;\\n    font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;\\n\\n}\",\"icon_width\":80,\"image\":\"\",\"image_align\":\"top\",\"image_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"image_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"image_width\":200,\"link_style\":\"default\",\"link_text\":\"Read more\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"meta_align\":\"below-title\",\"meta_element\":\"div\",\"meta_style\":\"text-meta\",\"panel_style\":\"card-default\",\"status\":\"disabled\",\"title_align\":\"top\",\"title_element\":\"h3\",\"title_grid_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"title_grid_width\":\"1-2\",\"title_hover_style\":\"reset\",\"visibility\":\"hidden-m\"},\"name\":\"Contact_Comp\"}]}]}]}],\"version\":\"4.3.5\"} --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qui sommes-nous&nbsp;? Com\u00adp\u00e9\u00adtences Pres\u00adta\u00adtions G\u00e9os\u00adciences L\u2019ISSKA m\u00e8ne une acti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e9 scien\u00adti\u00adfique dans les dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrents domaines li\u00e9s au karst&nbsp;: g\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgie, hydro\u00adg\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgie, g\u00e9o\u00admor\u00adpho\u00adlo\u00adgie, pal\u00e9o\u00adcli\u00adma\u00adto\u00adlo\u00adgie. Les connais\u00adsances acquises et les com\u00adp\u00e9\u00adtences d\u00e9ve\u00adlop\u00adp\u00e9es au sein de l\u2019Institut, depuis plus de vingt ans nous per\u00admettent d\u2019intervenir sur toutes les pro\u00adbl\u00e9\u00adma\u00adtiques qui peuvent sur\u00adve\u00adnir lors de la conduite de pro\u00adjets en [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":189,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1526","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1526"}],"version-history":[{"count":279,"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3257,"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1526\/revisions\/3257"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devw.isska.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}